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KMID : 1124020200360010001
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Korean Social Security Studies
2020 Volume.36 No. 1 p.1 ~ p.33
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Activated qualitatively or how much? Activation and the change of the Western Welfare States
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Kim Byoung-Inn
Jo Nam-Kyoung
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Abstract
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We attempted to empirically investigate the change of the western welfare states through the lens of ‘activation’. Activation is widely understood as a change of policy paradigm leading to the transition of the welfare state, since it implies a foundational reform of social policy and the labor market policy in order to integrate the unemployed and non-employment population into the labor market. We conceptualized ‘activated social protection system’ and devised an index for it, to examine the result of such a policy shift. The index consisted of two indicators of social protection systems for the unemployed and for the non-employment population, which respectively includes sub-indicators, and the index scores were transformed into fuzzy scores. Nine welfare states were analyzed from the late 1990s to the early 2010s, and the result showed that the social protection system has remarkably been activated in most countries, and in Germany and Sweden in particular. However, there were also found the difference between countries, especially in the Netherlands and Norway showing relatively incremental change. Literature review supported our interpretation of this phenomena that historical context, situations, and political selection differing over countries matter here, in the activation.
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KEYWORD
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activation, social protection system, labor market reform, social investment, welfare state
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